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Other Seeds CORP Sefloarca 02 Sefloarca 91 Sefloarca 94 Sefloarca 96 Sefloarca 98 Sefloarca 108 SORGHUM Sefloarca 7 Sefloarca 10 Guarao Cacique Forragero BEAN Tuy BLACK BEAN Tenerife Tacarigua PASTURE Armando Mascietto VEGETABLES Asgrow Bejo

Besides the quality of the seed, the success of the formation of a stable it depends much more than the knowledge than of the luck. Great part of the necessary procedures for a good formation that are presented next, doesn't imply an increase of the costs.

THE PREPARATION OF THE FLOOR

Begins with the obtaining of the samples of the floor for the analysis, a specialized technician will can recommend the doses and types of fertilizers to use. The technician's evaluation will also be important for the election of the variety of the pasture that will be sowed.

Half of the quantity of recommended lime (in the event of being necessary) it will be distributed in areas before plowing and the other half after the first rakes.

The first movements of the floor will ca to be made with plow or big rome, incorporating the whole existent vegetable material in the surface. Immediately with a leveling trail, is carried out the breaking-up of the floor, leveling the surface and eliminating the eventual overgrowths. Two passing of leveling trail are almost always enough (in the second passing we advise to tie a round wooden piece, such as for example a cylindrical trunk, so that the leveling be perfect).

The application to the volley of fertilizers (for example super phosphates) it should be made before the first leveling trail or between the first one and the second for a good incorporation to the floor of the fertilizer.

SPECIAL CARES IN THE PREPARATION OF THE FLOOR

The actions for the control of the erosions, as the construction of terraces and curved of level, they should be executed after the leveling of the floor.

The application of the lime should be made between 60 and 90 days before the sowing so that the calcareous one has time of reactivating the floor.

OBSERVATION

It is very important to wait that the incorporate vegetable material to the floor for the plow rots before the sowing. Otherwise, the seeds will die by reason of the effects of the fermentation of this material.

SOWING

The best sowing time is when the rains happen with more frequency (of April to October in Venezuela). In burnt areas, therefore, the sowing should be made on the ashes, this means, before the first rains are presented.

Be which the chosen method was, the sowing should facilitate the uniform distribution of the seeds for the whole area that will be formed. In the case of sowing in it lines or in furrows, the spacing between them should be the best possible.

A frequent cause of failures is the sowing of an insufficient quantity of seeds. The good regulation of the sowing equipment is a form of guaranteeing that the certain quantity of seeds is sowed. That quantity called RATE OF SOW varies of agreement with the material type and the lot of the seed.

So much the purchase of seeds, as the one calculates of the appropriate rate of sowing they should be based on the Cultural Value (% of VC) of the seed to be sowed.

That value is of the analyses of the seeds in the laboratory and it represents the percentage of viable pure seeds contained in the lot of seeds (to see illustration about Cultural Value)

The seeds should be covered by the floor after their distribution in the area. The bury excessive of the seeds it is also a frequent cause of failure in the pastures formation.

Small seeds as those of the varieties Tanzania, Mombasa, Guinea, Andropogon and Setaria, they should be buried to not but of 2 centimeters deep, while those of Brachiarias (brizantha, decumbes and humidicola) to not but of 4 centimeters (1 and half times the size of the seeds).

In sows to the volley, made, for examples with a machine fertilizing or airplane, the seeds are deposited on the surface of the floor and they need to be buried then. That can be made in the following way:

In sows to the volley, made, for examples with a machine fertilizing or airplane, the seeds are deposited on the surface of the floor and they need to be buried then. That can be made in the following way:

• With stick compactor, of metal or of flat old tires that it can be built in the same property.
• With slight, closed trail, this is, regulated so that the disks they are parallel to the direction of the movement of the tractor, so that they are not buried the seeds a lot. (Except for panicuns).
• With a passing of the tires of the tractor for the surface.
• An enough quantity to tramp the land.
  

SPECIAL CARES IN THE SOW

Much equipment used for the sow (mainly machines to fertilize lime) they don't allow to regulate inferior quantities to 7 or 8 kilos of seeds for hectare. If was necessary to sow smaller quantities that these, sand, phosphoric rock, dry and milled manure, sawdust or it cracked of rice, rot to be blended with the seeds to increase the volume to be sowed. Some fertilizers like the chloride of potassium, urea or ammonium sulfate (nitrogenous fertilizers) they should not be blended with the seeds, because they interfere directly with their germination causing their death. On the other hand, the phosphatize fertilizers (simple or granulated super-phosphate) they rot to be blended provided the sow occurs in the same day in that the mixture was prepared.

The use of the stick compactor immediately after the distribution of the seeds, it favors their contact with the floor, positioned in the appropriate depth facilitating a quick and homogeneous birth of the tiny plants.

Therefore, the sow should not be made in case it rains after the distribution of the seeds (because the rain for if alone it promotes the one buried of most of the seeds), neither in very loamy floors, especially when they are humid.

During the sow, the shake of the sowing can be that the seeds are added and separate (straw, pure seed and fertilizer). To avoid this, we advise not to fill the box of seeds of the sowing a lot. This will make that the tractor driver makes reinstatement several times of seeds, promoting with this the uniformity of the mixture.

ESTIMATING THE OPPORTUNITIES OF THE SUCCESS

For a good beginning of the formation of a stable it is necessary that they are obtained, as minimum 20 born tiny plants (and well distributed) for square meter in the case of the varieties of the generate Brachiaria; while 40 tiny plants are necessary in the case of the varieties of the generate Panicum maximum (Tanzania, Mombasa), Setaria and Andorpogon.

FIRST SHEPHERDING

The first shepherding, when it is made in a correct way, it guarantees the success of a very established formation. It should be made then that the plants are grown and covering the whole sowed area. In this case it is better to use slight, young animals, to hardly make it blunts of the plants.

In this phase, if heavy animals were used, the plants could be pulled up during the shepherding.

If the first shepherding was made a lot but it takes, many plants will die by reason of the competition between them.

That increases the empty spaces in the pasture diminishing the production of the pasture and it facilitates the growth of harmful herbs.

Starting from the first shepherding, as the plants are developed, the pasture normally should be used.